Low- and middle-income countries need to have the know-how, capability and capacity to produce mRNA vaccines, from concept, design and testing through to manufacturing and registration, a conference heard this week.

On the back of a successful pilot of early consultations with patients, the European Medicines Agency is extending the initiative so that patient and health care professional groups can give valuable input in areas such as unmet needs, clinical trial endpoints and expectations for future treatments.

Building new local manufacturing facilities raises issues such as regulatory complexity, the supply of raw materials and what to do with “ever-warm” production sites outside health crisis situations, a conference heard this week.